Isihloko 1 sesicwangciso soshishino lwemishini yokwakha: umoya okanye ibhanile? Izixhobo zoomatshini bokwakha baseIndiya, isixhobo sebhakethi yekati
Kule phepha, igama elithi “umoya” libhekisa kwicala lomgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo, elithi “intliziyo” libhekisa ekutshintsheni kwexabiso lesitokhwe koomatshini bokwakha, kwaye elithi “iflegi” libhekisa kutshintsho olusisiseko koomatshini bokwakha. Ngokuhlalutya utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukusebenza kwexabiso lesitokhwe kwimbali kunye neziseko zoshishino, sizama ukufumana ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zintathu. Ukusukela ngoMatshi, umoya womgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo uye wafudumala kancinci kancinci, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi kwimbali, umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo ubonakalise unxibelelwano nexabiso lesitokhwe koomatshini bokwakha; Ngo-2022, imfuno yoshishino loomatshini bokwakha kulindeleke ukuba ibone uphuculo oluncinci. Izixhobo zoomatshini bokwakha baseIndiya, isixhobo sebhakethi yekati
“Umoya” womgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo ufikile.
1) Umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke. Ingqungquthela yomsebenzi wezoqoqosho ophakathi icebise ukuba umsebenzi wezoqoqosho ngo-2022 kufuneka uhlale uzinzile kwaye ufune inkqubela phambili ngelixa ugcina uzinzo, ubonisa indlela yokukhula okuzinzileyo kwemizi-mveliso. Ukuze kuphunyezwe izigqibo kunye namalungiselelo eKomiti ePhakathi ye-CPC kunye neBhunga leSizwe kwaye kudlale indima epheleleyo ye-"ballast" yezoqoqosho olukhulu, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kunye noMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye bakhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo eliqela yokukhuthaza ukukhula okuzinzileyo koqoqosho lwemizi-mveliso kunye namaqela afanelekileyo kutshanje, ukuze kwandiswe impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo, kukhuthazwe ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza okuzinzileyo koqoqosho lwemizi-mveliso kwaye kulwelwe ukuzinzisa imeko iyonke yezoqoqosho olukhulu. Kutshanje, ukusasazeka kwenzala kweebhondi zeTreasury ze-US zeminyaka eli-10 zaseTshayina kuye kwaphazamiseka, okunokuvelisa ngakumbi ukungeniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhula okuzinzileyo.
2) Ulawulo oluchasene notyalo-mali lweziseko zophuhliso luyaqhubeka nokuqaqamba. Ngo-Epreli 7, iChina Railway yabhengeza idatha yokusebenza kwekota yokuqala ka-2022. Isixa sesivumelwano sokwakha esisayiniweyo seChina Railway kwikota yokuqala sifikelele kwi-543.45 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka kwe-94.1% ngonyaka. Isixa sesivumelwano sokwakha esisayiniweyo kwikota yokuqala sifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwixesha elifanayo kwimbali. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari, izinga lokukhula kotyalo-mali lwezixhobo ezisisigxina zophuhliso lonyuke nge-8.6% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye izinga lokukhula liye landa kancinci kancinci. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari, isixa seebhondi ezikhethekileyo ezikhutshwe ngoorhulumente basekhaya sifikelele kwi-971.9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-452.8%; Inkqubela phambili yokukhutshwa kweebhondi ezikhethekileyo zoorhulumente basekhaya ikhawuleza kakhulu kunaleyo yeminyaka edlulileyo, kwaye ukuqaliswa kweeprojekthi ezinkulu kulindeleke ukuba kukhawuleze. Izixhobo zoomatshini bokwakha baseIndiya, isixhobo sebhakethi yekati
3) Umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwezindlu uqalise ukuthomalalisa okuncinci. Ukusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula izindlu kunye nolawulo lwazo iqhubekile nokuba buthathaka. Ukususela ekuxhaseni imfuno efanelekileyo yokuthengwa kwezindlu nokwandisa inzuzo yeeprojekthi zemarike yomhlaba, siphucule ukwehla kobonelelo olubuthathaka kunye nemfuno kwimarike yezindlu. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari, utyalo-mali olugqityiweyo kuphuhliso lwezindlu lunyuke nge-3.7% unyaka nonyaka, indawo entsha yokwakha yehla nge-12.2% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye indawo entsha yokwakha yaqhubeka nokukhula kakubi. Njengentsimi ebalulekileyo esezantsi kwishishini loomatshini bokwakha, ukuthomalalisa okuncinci komgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubele phambili ukubuyiselwa kwemfuno kwishishini loomatshini bokwakha.
Indlela yokuhambisa "intliziyo" yexabiso lesabelo soomatshini bokwakha
1) Imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yokukhula okuzinzileyo kwimbali iqhubele phambili ukunyuka kwexabiso lesabelo kwicandelo loomatshini bokwakha. Xa ndijonga emva kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iTshayina ibone ukukhula okuzinzileyo okumalunga nemijikelo emihlanu ngo-2008-2009, 2012, 2014-2015, 2018-2019 nango-2020.
Xa sithatha umzekelo weSany Heavy Industry, ukunyuka nokuhla okuphezulu kwexabiso lesabelo sikaSany kula maxesha mahlanu angentla yayiyi-89.5%, 22.3%, 118.0%, 60.3% kunye ne-148.2% ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye ukunyuka nokuhla koluhlu kwakuyi-49.3%, – 13.9%, – 24.2%, 52.7% kunye ne-146.9% ngokwahlukeneyo.
Kunokufunyaniswa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo udlale indima ethile ekunyuseni ixabiso lesabelo kwicandelo loomatshini bokwakha.
2) Oomatshini bokwakha basenokufumana ithuba elingcono lotyalo-mali kumjikelo wokwehla. Sigxila ekuhlalutyeni ukusebenza kwexabiso lesitokhwe seSany Heavy Industry kumjikelo wokwehla kweshishini loomatshini bokwakha ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2016, okunokuba nentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kutyalo-mali kweli nqanaba:
Ngokwembali, umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhula okuzinzileyo udlale impembelelo entle yokukhuthaza ixabiso lesabelo seSany Heavy Industry, kwaye amathuba angcono otyalo-mali asenokufunyanwa kumjikelo wokwehla. Sikholelwa ukuba inqaku lokunyuka kokusebenza, inqaku lokunyuka kwe-odolo kunye nenqaku lokunyuka okulindelweyo kwe-odolo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokugweba ukusebenza kwexabiso lesitokhwe kwicandelo loomatshini bokwakha; Utshintsho olulindelekileyo lwee-odolo lunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni kwangoko kwexabiso lesitokhwe, kwaye ukusebenza kunokuba sisalathisi esisezantsi kumjikelo wokwehla.
3) Olu jikelezo lokulungiswa okubukhali kwixabiso lesabelo kwicandelo loomatshini bokwakha lubonakalise ngokupheleleyo ulindelo olubi lweshishini. Ukususela ngo-2021, amaxabiso esabelo seSany, Zoomlion, XCMG, Hengli kunye namanye amashishini oomatshini bokwakha ahlengahlengiswe kakhulu, ngokuncipha kwe-61.9%, 55.1%, 33.0% kunye ne-62.0% ngokulandelelanayo ukusukela kwincopho yokugqibela yexabiso lesabelo. Ukususela kwikota yesibini ka-2021, idatha yokuthengisa yonyaka nonyaka yeemveliso zoomatshini bokwakha ezifana nee-excavators, ii-cranes zelori kunye neelori zokumpompa iqhubekile nokwehla. Imarike ngokubanzi ikholelwa ukuba ishishini loomatshini bokwakha lizise umjikelo wencopho/wehla emva komjikelo weminyaka emihlanu onyukayo, kwaye ixabiso lesitokhwe likwabonakalisa olu lindelo lubi. Ukuba imfuno yeshishini kulindeleke ukuba iphucuke kancinci ngo-2022, sinesizathu sokulindela ukuba ixabiso lesitokhwe lizinze kwaye libuye kwakhona. Izixhobo zoomatshini bokwakha baseIndiya, isixhobo sebhakethi yekati
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-15-2022
